With its sweet taste, ethylene glycol is highly appealing to dogs and cats. This highly irritating molecule, particularly for the digestive tract, leads to a true veterinary emergency when ingested.
Ethylene glycol-related poisoning typically occurs in winter, as this compound is used as an antifreeze, particularly in windshield washer fluids. It is also found in various cooling systems and liquids, such as those used in cars. Despite the addition of bittering agents to counteract its sweet taste, hospitalizations due to ethylene glycol poisoning remain common. Even cats, naturally more cautious, can fall victim to it—and are particularly vulnerable.
The first symptoms of ethylene glycol poisoning appear within 30 to 60 minutes after ingestion. They typically begin with "drunkenness" and are followed
- vomiting;
- neurological disorders: difficulty walking and balance issues, seizures, coma;
- respiratory distress;
- kidney damage, characterized by dehydration despite increased water intake.
The prognosis varies depending on the ingested dose: for a 10 kg dog, a dose of 30 to 50 ml is lethal; for a 5 kg cat, the lethal dose is 7 ml!
It is not recommended to induce vomiting in the animal, as this molecule causes digestive irritation. The prognosis largely depends on the time between ingestion and treatment: take your dog or cat to your veterinarian as quickly as possible! An antidote may be administered within a maximum of 6 to 8 hours after ingestion.
In cases of ethylene glycol poisoning, the animal is hospitalized for several days and treatment involves
- Close monitoring of renal parameters over several days, in particular;
- rehydration via IV fluids;
- administration of anticonvulsants, among other measures;
- dialysis, sometimes required.
Despite comprehensive and/or early management, ethylene glycol poisoning is severe and the prognosis is often poor. Stay cautious! Keep antifreeze and similar products out of reach of pets and children by storing them up high or, better yet, in a locked cabinet.
As always in cases of suspected poisoning, if possible, the best course of action is to provide the veterinarian treating your four-legged friend with:
- Time of ingestion;
- amount consumed;
- exact product composition (bring the packaging with you).
If in doubt, do not hesitate to also contact the National Veterinary Poison Information Centre (CNITV).
